Conditional Sentences Type I , II ,
III .
Conditional Sentences are also known as Conditional
Clauses or If Clauses. They are used to express that the action in the main
clause (without if) can only take place if a certain condition (in the
clause with if) is fulfilled. There are three types of Conditional
Sentences.
Conditional
Sentence Type 1
→ It is
possible and also very likely that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form
if + Simple Present, will-Future
Example: If I find her
address, I will send her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the
sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I will send her
an invitation if I find her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause
might be negative. See Simple
Present and will-Future
on how to form negative sentences.
Example: If I don’t see
him this afternoon, I will phone him in the evening.
Use
Conditional Sentences Type I refer to the future. An
action in the future will only happen if a certain condition is fulfilled by
that time. We don't know for sure whether the condition actually will be
fulfilled or not, but the conditions seems rather realistic – so we think
it is likely to happen.
Example: If I find her
address, I’ll send her an invitation.
I want to send an invitation to a friend. I just have
to find her address. I am quite sure, however, that I will find it.
Example: If John has the
money, he will buy a Ferrari.
I know John very well and I know that he earns a lot
of money and that he loves Ferraris. So I think it is very likely that sooner
or later he will have the money to buy a Ferrari.
Conditional
Sentence Type 2
→ It is
possible but very unlikely, that the condition will be fulfilled.
Form
if + Simple Past, main clause with
Conditional I (= would + Infinitive)
Example: If I found her
address, I would send her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the
sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I would send
her an invitation if I found her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause
might be negative. See Simple Past and Conditional I
on how to form negative sentences.
Example: If I had a lot
of money, I wouldn’t stay here.
Were instead of Was
In IF Clauses Type II, we usually use ‚were‘ – even if
the pronoun is I, he, she or it –.
Example: If I were
you, I would not do this.
Use
Conditional Sentences Type II refer to situations in
the present. An action could happen if the present situation were different. I
don't really expect the situation to change, however. I just imagine „what
would happen if …“
Example: If I found her
address, I would send her an invitation.
I would like to send an invitation to a friend. I have
looked everywhere for her address, but I cannot find it. So now I think it is
rather unlikely that I will eventually find her address.
Example: If John had the
money, he would buy a Ferrari.
I know John very well and I know that he doesn't have
much money, but he loves Ferraris. He would like to own a Ferrari (in his
dreams). But I think it is very unlikely that he will have the money to buy one
in the near future.
Conditional
Sentence Type 3
→ It is impossible
that the condition will be fulfilled because it refers to the past.
Form
if + Past Perfect, main clause with
Conditional II
Example: If I had found
her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
The main clause can also be at the beginning of the
sentence. In this case, don't use a comma.
Example: I would have
sent her an invitation if I had found her address.
Note: Main clause and / or if clause
might be negative. See Past Perfect
and Conditional
II on how to form negative sentences.
Example: If I hadn’t
studied, I wouldn’t have passed my exams.
Use
Conditional Sentences Type III refer to situations in
the past. An action could have happened in the past if a certain condition had
been fulfilled. Things were different then, however. We just imagine, what
would have happened if the situation had been fulfilled.
Example: If I had found
her address, I would have sent her an invitation.
Sometime in the past, I wanted to send an invitation
to a friend. I didn't find her address, however. So in the end I didn't send
her an invitation.
Example: If John had had
the money, he would have bought a Ferrari.
I knew John very well and I know that he never had
much money, but he loved Ferraris. He would have loved to own a Ferrari, but he
never had the money to buy one.
Exceptions
Sometimes Conditional Sentences Type I, II and III can
also be used with other tenses.
So far you have only learned the basic rules for
Conditional Sentences. It depends on the context, however, which tense to use.
So sometimes it's possible for example that in an IF Clause Type I another
tense than Simple
Present is used, e.g. Present
Progressive or Present
Perfect.
Conditional
Sentences Type I (likely)
Condition refers to:
|
IF Clause
|
Main Clause
|
||
future action
|
Simple Present
|
If the book is interesting, …
|
Future I
|
…I will buy it.
|
Imperative
|
…buy it.
|
|||
Modal Auxiliary
|
…you can buy it.
|
|||
action going on now
|
Present Progressive
|
If he is snoring, …
|
Future I
|
…I will wake him up.
|
Imperative
|
…wake him up.
|
|||
Modal Auxiliary
|
…you can wake him up.
|
|||
finished action
|
Present Perfect
|
If he has moved into his new flat, …
|
Future I
|
…we will visit him.
|
Imperative
|
…visit him.
|
|||
Modal Auxiliary
|
…we can visit him.
|
|||
improbable action
|
should + Infinitive
|
If she should win this race, …
|
Future I
|
…I will congratulate her.
|
Imperative
|
…congratulate her.
|
|||
Modal Auxiliary
|
…we can congratulate her.
|
|||
present facts
|
Simple Present
|
If he gets what he wants, …
|
Simple Present
|
…he is very nice.
|
Conditional
Sentences Type II (unlikely)
Condition refers to:
|
IF Clause
|
Main Clause
|
||
present / future event
|
Simple Past
|
If I had a lot of money, …
|
Conditional I
|
…I would travel around the world.
|
consequence in the past
|
Simple Past
|
If I knew him, …
|
Conditional II
|
…I would have said hello.
|
Conditional
Sentences Type II (impossible)
Condition refers to:
|
IF Clause
|
Main Clause
|
||
present
|
Past Perfect
|
If I had known it, …
|
Conditional I
|
…I would not be here now.
|
past
|
Past Perfect
|
If he had learned for the test, …
|
Conditional II
|
…he would not have failed it.
|
woooww.. saya nda ngerti salam kenal saya jga dari sultra..
BalasHapusbagian mana yang tidak dimengerti?
Hapussemua muanya.. saya ga tau bahasa inggris.. kita guru??
Hapusooww... saya bukan guru... msh calon guru. alias mahasiswa bhs Inggris. Sy jg smentara mmpelajari bhs inggris saat ini...
Hapusnanti kunjungi juga blog saya yah.. salam kenal..
Hapussalut buat blog ini.. tp tolong disediakan dengan terjemahannya, biar yg ga ngerti bahasa inggris bisa paham jg...
BalasHapusiya seharusnya begitu... aku akan usahain nanti, hehe masalahx sibuk kuliah jg, jd ada waktu sdikit langsung digunakan buat ngepost, ^^
Hapus