An argument essay should
contain three parts: the introduction, the
body, and the conclusion. The length of these parts (number of paragraphs) will
vary, depending on the length of your essay assignment.
Instructions
1. Planning Stage
For an argument essay to be effective, it must
contain certain elements. For this reason, you must take a few minutes to plan
and prepare before you jump into writing an argument essay.
2.
Introduce
your topic and assert your side
As in any essay, the first paragraph of
your argument essay should contain a brief explanation of your topic, some
background information, and a thesis statement.
In this case, your thesis will be a statement of your position on a
particular controversial topic.
Example introductory paragraph with thesis
statement:
Since the turn of the new century, a theory has
emerged concerning the end of the world or at least the end of life as we know
it. This new theory centers around the year 2012, a date that many claim has
mysterious origins in ancient manuscripts from many different cultures. The
most noted characteristic of this date is that it appears to mark the end of
the Mayan calendar. But there is no evidence to suggest that the Maya saw any
great relevance to this date. In fact, none of the claims surrounding a 2012
doomsday event hold up to scientific inquiry. The year 2012 will pass
without a major, life-altering catastrophe.
3.
Gather
Evidence
When we think of arguments we might picture two
red-faced people speaking quite loudly and making dramatic gestures. But that's
because face-to-face arguments often become emotional. In fact, the act of arguing
involves providing proof to support your claim, with or without emotions.
In an argument essay you will have to provide
evidence without providing too much drama. You'll explore two sides of a topic
(briefly) and provide proof as to why one side or position is the best one.
4.
Present
both sides of the controversy
The body of your essay will contain the meat of
your argument. You should go into more detail about the two sides of your
controversy and state the strongest points of the counter-side of your issue.
After describing the "other" side, you
will present your own viewpoint and then provide evidence to show why your
position is the correct one.
Select your strongest evidence and present your
points one by one. Use a mix of evidence types, from statistics, to other
studies and anecdotal stories. This part of your paper could be any length,
from two paragraphs to two hundred pages.
5. Build your argument to support this
thesis sentence.
Return to your
assembled material. Go through it again, and this time copy down every
argument, every bit of evidence, or every reason you can find in it which will
support your conclusion. After you have done this you should be able to tell
whether your conclusion is valid or not. If you cannot find enough support to convince
yourself of the validity of your own conclusion, you should discard your thesis
sentence and form a new one. Never attempt to argue on behalf of something
which you yourself do not believe, if you do, your paper will not be very good.
6. Arrange your argument to produce the
maximum effect on the reader.
Go through the
evidence or separate arguments you have copied down and arrange them in the
order of their strength. Usually it is best to arrange them in the order of
their strength. It is often best to start with the weakest and end with the
strongest; this arrangement is not always possible, but when it can be done
your argument will accumulate more force as it progresses. If this type of
arrangement cannot be use, merely arrange the arguments in the order in which
they will appear in your paper. Along with each argument, list any contrary
arguments. You must state these fully and fairly, but show that on balance your
viewpoint is to be favored. If you ignore them, your essay will be weak, one
sided and unconvincing.
7.
Consider
Both Sides of Your Topic and Take a Position.
Once you have selected a topic you feel strongly
about, you should make a list of points for both sides of the argument and pick a side. One of
your first objectives in your essay will be to present both sides of your issue
with an assessment of each. Of course, you will conclude that one side (your
side) is the best conclusion.
Tips &
Warnings
- Do not use the words "I," "we" or "you" in academic papers.
- Proofread your finished essay.
- Use your best arguments first and last. This is what the reader will retain in her memory.
- Make sure your sources are credible.
- Any time you use someone else research or a direct quote, you should use the proper attribution, as outlined by your professor.
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