Psycholinguistic Mid Assignment
by wd. Indah Fitriyah
by wd. Indah Fitriyah
Observe
about Language Acquisition of Children
Language
is a form of rule
or system of symbols used to communicate by children
and adapt to its environment. Language
acquisition is acquiring language subconscious. Although how children
learn to speak is not perfectly understood, most explanations involve both the
observation that children copy what they hear and the inference that human
beings have a natural aptitude for understanding grammar. Speech
and language disorders are
one of the causes of developmental disorders are most commonly found in children. Speech
delay is a major complaint that is often feared and parents complained to the doctor.
In
this paper, I
examine
a
boy
aged
4 years
and
have not been
able to speak
normally.
His name is Kilan. He can understand what he sees or playing, but he can’t
speak well. Then,
what are
the words that
he
could
produce in
speaking?
What is the cause
of
delay in
talking to
this
child?
As
seen by SPO aspect, the words that he produced like:
Aspect
|
As the rule
|
The child says
|
Phoneme
|
b dan p
|
|
Bola = /bola/ . Pola = /pola/
|
Bola, pola : ola = /ola/
|
|
|
|
|
Morpheme
|
Beri,minum,dll. Ke,mem,an,me,dll
|
|
Ex:
memasak,
minum
|
Memasak, minum =
atcak, inyum
|
|
|
|
|
Phrase
|
Sangat (can’t stay
alone)
|
|
Sangat lama
|
Sangat lama = ngat ma
|
|
|
|
|
Sentence
|
Ibu membawa kue dari pasar
|
Bu wa ue ai pat;ar
|
|
|
-
A phoneme is a basic unit of a language's
phonology,
which is combined with other phonemes to form meaningful units such as words
or morphemes.
-
Morpheme the smallest semantic
unit in a language.
-
Phrase is a collection of words that may
have nouns or verbals, but it does not have a subject doing a verb.
-
Sentence is a grammatical
unit consisting of one or more words
that bear minimal syntactic relation to the words that precede or follow it.
From
above explanation, Kilan has a problem with communicate and tell something to
others, even it just a word. So, what’s caused of delay in talking to this
child? The cause of delay in speech is very broad and many. Functional speech
delays are usually mild and only an immaturity of speech function in children
at a certain age, especially after the age of 2 years will improve. However, if
the speech delay is nonfunctional then the interference must be more aware
because it is not something light, because of the receptive language disorder.
There
are still many other causes of speech and language disorders, starting from the
hearing, the successor impulses to the brain, brain, and muscle or organ sound
makers. Then, speech disorders in children can also be caused by organic
disorders that interfere with the body's multiple systems such as the brain,
hearing and other motor function.
According
to some research shows causes speech disorder is a disturbance of the dominant
hemisphere. It usually refers to the left brain. Some children were also found
irregularities right hemisphere, the corpus callosum and auditory trajectory
interconnected. Another thing can also be caused from outside the body organs
such as poor environmental gain sufficient stimulation or the use of two
languages. If the cause by outside environment, delay usually not too dangerous..
So,
there are three causes of delays in speaking most of them are mental
retardation, hearing loss and delayed maturation. And the problem is what might
happen to the child that I have observed.
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