Name: Wa Ode Indah Fitriyah Individual
Assignment Of CCU
1.
Searle & Ward (2004)
said that the Culture shock refers to the number of claims adjustment
experienced by individuals at the level of cognitive, behavioral, emotional,
social, and physiological when they are placed in different cultures. It means that culture shock is the confusion of someone to a culture or
behavior that he had never met before. For example, a person who go to abroad or to an area that he had never visited
before, then he will be feel confused, and frustrated with the culture in that
area, like how people eating, sitting or do they activity there. In fact, it
will be difficult to adapting to the people who exist in that area.
2.
Walter Lippman said that
the stereotype is picture in our head or held perception attached to certain
groups that ignore individual uniqueness. It means we judge
a person or a person's culture is based on our own perceptions without seeing
their true culture. Although, stereotype here, can be a positive or negative
perception. For example, I am Indonesian and have a culture that does not do
free sex. Then, when I go in a country or region that has a different culture,
where, they used to do free sex. Without understanding their culture, I directly
judge that they have a bad culture.
3.
Myron Lustig and Jolene
Koester said
Intercultural
competence describes communication between at least two people who are
different in significant ways culturally. It means the
ability to interact with people who have different cultural backgrounds, in the
field of social or economic. For example, a company leader who has a lot of
employees with different cultural backgrounds, then he must have extensive
knowledge about other cultures, so that he can interact better with his
employees. Another example is a worker who works abroad, where he must be able
to interact with the culture where he worked.
4.
Ethnocentrism by William
G. Sumner, upon observing the tendency for people to
differentiate between the in-group and others. He defined it as "the
technical name for the view of things in which one's own group is the center of
everything, and all others are scaled and rated with reference to it." He
further characterized it as often leading to pride, vanity, beliefs of one's
own group's superiority, and contempt of outsiders. It means that we judge or make a distinction between a person's culture based
on someone ethnic with ethnic ourselves, whether it is from the way they speak,
dress, and others. For example, one of the tribes in Papua, the way they dress
to wear clothing that is still not the standard, they just wear underwear. Then
I compared it with my tribe who had been taking standardized costume.
5.
(Anderson, 1999), says
that non-verbal communication is considered as more honest, and contains a
message that is done without words. This means that non-verbal communication we
communicate without words to others, such as using gestures, body language,
facial expressions and eye contact, use of objects such as clothes, haircuts,
and so forth. Examples of non-verbal communication in Indonesia, especially in
my culture is spit, spit considered acts brash and disrespectful. But the Masai
people in Africa think the act is a sign of gratitude or love sign on someone.
6.
Allport, (in Zanden,
1984), that prejudice is an attitude of hating other groups without any
objective reason to hate the groups. This means that we make a negative
prejudice against a person or group of people before we know the truth. For
example, one
of tribes inJava is eating
locusts. Then, because we do not like the locust, did not even eat it, then we
assume they are a strange people.
7.
DeddyMulyana said that
verbal communication is all kinds of symbols that use one or more words. This
means that we communicate using words either oral or
written. For example, a broadcast news reporter or a journalist who was writing
a story.
