The
communicative approach in language teaching starts from a theory of language as
communication
The Goal of
Language Teaching
To develop
what Hymes (1972) referred to as “Communicative Competence.
Canale and
Swain (1980) divide communicative competence into four dimensions:
(1)
grammatical competence,
(2)
Sociolinguistic competence
(3) Discourse
competence, and
(4 strategic
competence
•
Grammatical
competence refers to what Chomsky call linguistic competence. It
is the domain of grammatical and lexical capacity.
•
Sociolinguistic
competence refers to an understanding of the social context in which
communication takes place, including role relationship, the shared information
of the participants, and the communicative purpose for their interaction.
•
Discourse
competence refers to the interpretation of individual massage elements in
terms of their interconnectedness and of how meaning is represented in
relationship to entire discourse or text.
•
Strategic
competence refers to the coping strategies that communicators employ to
initiate, terminate, maintain, repair, and redirect communication.
At the level
of language theory, communicative language teaching
The
characteristics of communicative view:
•
Language is a system for the expression of
meaning.
•
The primary function of language is for
interaction and communication
•
The structure of language reflects its functional and communicative uses
•
The primary units of language are not merely its
grammatical and structural features, but categories of functional and
communicative meaning as exemplified in discourse.
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